![]() Excess deposition of fat in the liver (i.e. Progressive liver injury culminates in cirrhosis, which describes irreversible liver remodelling.Ĭhronic liver disease may result from repeated insults that cause inflammation (i.e. There has been a significant increase in hospital admissions relating to cirrhosis over the last two decades. However, in England and Wales an estimated 600,000 patients have CLD. The true prevalence is difficulty to quantify as the majority of CLD is asymptomatic and presents late. It is the only major chronic condition with an increasing death rate. innate immune protein production, resident immune cells)ĬLD represents the fourth commonest cause of years of life lost in those aged under 75. bile, cholesterol, coagulation factors, growth factors) To appreciate the sequelae of CLD we must understand the normal role of the liver in human health. The liver is involved in numerous functions that are essential to maintain the bodies homeostasis. The end result of chronic liver disease is cirrhosis, which describes irreversible liver remodelling. CLD is generally defined as progressive liver dysfunction for six months or longer. Motoko Kusanagi, a semi-cybernetic human or Shell, who fights her way to the truth.Chronic liver disease is caused by repeated insults to the liver, which can result in inflammation, fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis.Ĭhronic liver disease (CLD) is the result of repeated damage to the liver by a variety of aetiological factors including alcohol, toxins, viruses and many others. Ghost in the Shell, at the Key, is not rated but contains animated nudity and graphic violence. You'll believe it when you see it, and you'll get caught up in the drama of it all as well. Like Ridley Scott in "Blade Runner," Oshii and his companions have created a unique world, one they bring to life through patient exposition with great attention to detail and depth. Technically, "Ghost in the Shell" is astonishing, not only for its smooth meld of cell animation and state-of-the-art computer animation, but also for its imaginative storytelling and mood-setting (thanks to an eerie, non-thumping score by Kenji Kawai). The dichotomy of memory and data is just one of many serious concepts that crop up in a film that has no problem mixing plentiful action with philosophic discourse. It also applies to the soul that's left as man is turned into machine. The "ghost" of the title refers to false memories implanted in cyborg circuitry to provide the illusion of a past life. She and her brawny partner, Bateau, experience many violent encounters on their way to the truth, and the moral dilemma Kusanagi faces at film's end is as thought-provoking as it is gut-wrenching. Motoko Kusanagi, who, except for a small part of her brain, has an almost wholly robotized body (often toplessly on display). Shells are semi-cybernetic humans like Maj. Meanwhile, Section 9 (the Internal Bureau of Investigations) has a Shell team chasing the Puppet Master, believing it to be a particularly devious and dangerous techno-terrorist. But along the way, the Puppet Master decides to seek "political asylum" and "true physical existence" outside the Net. It's the spy in the ointment: Without a physical body, it surfs the world's databases, wreaking political and economic havoc through data manipulation. Section 6 (the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) has covertly created the perfect spy, a virtual agent dubbed the Puppet Master. Oshii doesn't waste much time setting up the logistics of his future: He simply steps into it so matter-of-factly that the viewer is swept away by the deft combination of action and imagination. Mamoru Oshii's "Ghost in the Shell" is masterly Japanimation, a cyber-tech thriller that's miles ahead of such recent live-action cyber-splatter films as "Johnny Mnemonic." In look and spirit, "Ghost" is much closer to "Blade Runner," another moody post-apocalypse fable involving sentient cyborgs and their will to live.īased on the popular comic books by Masamune Shirow, "Ghost" is set in 2029, a Net-dominated future where neighborhoods have been replaced by virtual environments and there's an uneasy alliance between humans and their "augmented" selves.
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